Stairway to Heaven / Matter of Life and Death, A (1946)

Stairway to Heaven / Matter of Life and Death, A (1946)

“Tell me: do you believe in the survival of the human personality after death?”

Synopsis:
When an RAF pilot (David Niven) in a burning plane calls a ground operator (Kim Hunter) to inform her he’ll be jumping to his death, the two fall instantly in love. Meanwhile, up in heaven, Niven’s dead co-pilot (Robert Coote) asks the main attendant (Kathleen Byron) about Niven’s absence, and when Byron determines that an error has occurred, she sends an angel (Marius Goring) down to Earth to retrieve him. However, Niven — alive but with headaches — has no intention of leaving Hunter, who has enlisted the help of a surgeon (Roger Livesey) in determining why Niven has been “hallucinating” visits from Goring.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Airplanes and Pilots
  • Courtroom Drama
  • David Niven Films
  • Death and Dying
  • Fantasy
  • Kim Hunter Films
  • Life After Death
  • Michael Powell Films
  • Raymond Massey Films
  • Roger Livesey Films
  • Romance

Review:
Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger’s follow-up to I Know Where I’m Going! (1945) was this beautifully filmed fantasy-romance about the liminality of life and death, paying homage to the many brave RAF pilots who lost their lives during World War II.

The idea of a pilot-in-crisis being able to reach a beautiful operator on the ground and connect with her romantically:

… then survive a fall without a parachute:

… plays into the ultimate fantasy so many must have held about their sons, brothers, and partners during the war: they’re only missing, not deceased; they will reconnect with their loved ones; they can fight back against death. It’s a lovely wishful vision, richly portrayed here through Jack Cardiff’s lush cinematography (Technicolor on Earth, b&w for heaven):


… Alfred Junge’s other-worldly sets:

… and a storyline that repeatedly goes in unexpected directions. We wonder — what role will Livesey’s motorcycle-riding neurosurgeon play in the drama?

Will effete Goring be successful in his ploys to bring Niven over to the heavenly side?

What function will Raymond Massey play in the “courtroom” proceedings — and why does it seem like the storyline has suddenly become a referendum on British-American relations?

While I’m not a huge fan of the final “movement” of this cinematic symphony (i.e., the heavenly courtroom scenes), this doesn’t really matter given that it’s the visuals and sentiments that count the most, and those are on ample display throughout. This unique film should be seen by all film fanatics as a fine example of creative, romantic expression at its most liberated.

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Jack Cardiff’s stunning cinematography

  • Alfred Junge’s sets

Must See?
Yes, as a unique outing by master directors.

Categories

  • Important Director

(Listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die)

Links:

Paisan (1946)

Paisan (1946)

“What do they expect us to do? We’re entirely surrounded by Germans!”

Synopsis:
During Italy’s year of liberation from German occupation, Americans interact with citizens across a variety of settings.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Episodic Films
  • Italian Films
  • Roberto Rossellini Films
  • Soldiers
  • World War II

Review:
Roberto Rossellini’s follow-up to Open City (1945) was this episodic tale of Italian-American collaboration across the nation, moving from south to north. Each episode is differently dark, with brief moments of respite but an overall fidelity to the harsh reality of Italians’ (and American soldiers’) existence during this time. In the first sequence (“Sicily”), a teenage girl (Carmela Sazio) agrees to accompany an American reconnaissance group as they navigate past a German minefield to local seaside caves; along the way, she is left with a non-Italian-speaking G.I. named Joe (Robert Van Loon), and the two tentatively connect, word by word, before tragedy strikes:

In the second episode (“Naples”), a Black G.I. (Dots Johnson) befriends an orphaned street urchin (Alfonsino Pasca):

… and at first is disturbed to have his shoes stolen, but then learns how truly poverty-stricken Pasca is. In Episode 3 (“Rome”), a prostitute (Maria Michi) — the same actress playing the drug-addicted femme fatale in Open City — solicits a date with a passing G.I. (Gar Moore), only to find he is morbidly fixated on how much things have changed for the worse since the city was liberated six months earlier.

The fourth episode (“Florence”) brings us to the frontlines of street violence, as an American nurse (Harriet Medin) and an Italian partisan (Renzo Avanzo) risk their lives to cross the Arno River so Medin can learn the fate of her lover, and Avanzo can check on his wife and child.

Episode five (“Bologna”) seems at first to offer some literal respite from the war, as a trio of American chaplains (William Tubbs, Newell Jones, and Elmer Feldman) are allowed to stay in a Roman Catholic monastery — but the monks react with genuine dismay when they learn that only Tubbs is Catholic (Jones is Protestant and Feldman is Jewish).

Finally, Episode 6 (“Po Delta”) brings us back to straight-up wartime aggression, as American O.S.S. members fight alongside Italian partisans in the delta.

Rossellini’s neo-realist approach throughout each episode of this film brings with it numerous moments of heart-wrenching grief and insight.

SPOILERS AHEAD

Sazio experiences a brutal, misunderstood end:

Johnson learns that his own impoverished background as a Black American doesn’t compare to the squalor Pasca and his community are currently living through:

Moore doesn’t realize that the woman soliciting him is actually the same girl he fell in love with months earlier, and skips out on a reunion:

Medin and Avanzo can barely make it across a city without being killed; monks hold such engrained prejudices against non-Catholics that we can easily see how intolerance persists across Europe; and a young child cries with anguish in the night when his parents are brutally killed.

Obviously, none of this is light-hearted or easy to get through — but one finishes Paisan with gratitude for its harsh authenticity (we see the bitter “truth” here), and a sense of hope that things will at least start to get better by the end of the war.

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Excellent use of authentic settings across Italy

Must See?
Yes, for its historical significance, and as a powerful neo-realist movie. Listed as a film with Historical Importance and a Personal Recommendation in the back of Peary’s book.

Categories

  • Historically Relevant

(Listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die)

Links:

Ivan the Terrible, Part II (The Boyars’ Plot) (1958)

Ivan the Terrible, Part II (The Boyars’ Plot) (1958)

“When the throne is yours, you will punish the regicide — and others, too.”

Synopsis:
Ivan, Tsar of Russia (Nikolai Cherkasov), reflects back on formative events as a young boy (Erik Pyryev) which led him to become so “terrible” and distrusting of the aristocratic boyars. Meanwhile, Ivan’s power-hungry Aunt Efrosinia (Serafima Birman) continues to do whatever she can to bring her son Vladimir (Pavel Kadochnikov) to the throne.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Historical Drama
  • Royalty and Nobility
  • Russian Films
  • Ruthless Leaders
  • Sergei Eisenstein Films

Response to Peary’s Review:
Peary writes that “this continuation of Sergei Eisenstein’s epic about Ivan IV… is more stylized than Part I” given that he “uses color at times, and he has [his] characters sing.”

However, he argues this “doesn’t help” the movie, noting that he’s “never seen so many people in a theater dozing off as when [he] last saw this film.” While he concedes the movie is “beautifully shot,” he also notes that it’s “slow-moving and lacking some of the pivotal characters of the first part.”

I actually don’t agree with Peary: while I share his sentiment that Part I is “ludicrously melodramatic” and over-rated, there’s a lot going on this time around, with the storyline heading in a more interesting (and dangerous) direction — and we definitely see “pivotal characters” from the first movie, most notably Aunt Efrosinia and her son, who is as infantilized as ever but now has the beginnings of a beard:

In Part II we’re given better insight into Efrosinia’s naked ambitions (“I’d suffer the pangs of your birth a hundred times over to see you seated on the Tsar’s throne!”), and we actually begin to feel compassion for idiotic Vladimir, who pitifully asks, “Why are you always trying to make a leader of me, mother?” To that end, the “lullaby” Efrosinia sings to Vladimir is appropriately creepy:

A black beaver was bathing in the river,
in the frozen Moscow River.
He didn’t wash himself cleaner;
he only got blacker.
Having taken his bath, the beaver
went off to the capital’s high hill
to dry himself, shake himself, and look around,
to see if anyone was coming to look for him.
The hunters whistle, searching out the black beaver.
The hunters follow the scent:
they will find the black beaver.
They want to catch and skin the beaver,
and with its fur then to adorn a kingly mantle
in order to array Tsar Vladimir!

The final sequence — involving carefully crafted deception and violence — really jolted me, making me realize how invested I’d become in this scenario.

Meanwhile, the early inclusion of a flashback sequence showing the trauma young Ivan experienced when his mother was brutally killed by boyars helps us to better understand his enduring hatred for them:

It’s too bad that Eisenstein passed away before he was able to complete the intended third portion of this epic, given that he was going to continue to build on Ivan’s paranoia. Peary writes that “obviously, Eisenstein’s czar is meant to represent Stalin’s view of himself” — and this time around, that makes a lot more sense.

Note: Putting an accurate date on this film is tricky; Peary lists 1945, but I’ve put 1958 given the following information (from Wikipedia): “Part II, although it finished production in 1946, was not released until 1958, as it was banned on the order of Stalin, who became incensed over the depiction of Ivan therein.”

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Atmospheric cinematography and memorable imagery

  • Sergei Prokofiev’s score

Must See?
Yes, as the powerful second part of Eisenstein’s final work.

Categories

  • Historically Relevant
  • Important Director

(Listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die)

Links:

Scandal in Paris, A / Thieves’ Holiday (1946)

Scandal in Paris, A / Thieves’ Holiday (1946)

“Only the heartless succeed in crime — as in love.”

Synopsis:
After escaping from prison, a career criminal (George Sanders) and his accomplice (Akim Tamiroff) pose for a painting of Saint George and his dragon, then begin new lives with help from Tamiroff’s uncle (Vladimir Sokoloff). Sanders steals a ruby garter from a beautiful singer (Carole Landis), then later meets a wealthy marquise (Alma Kruger) who invites them to her chateau, where her granddaughter (Signe Hasso) recognizes him as the man in the Saint George painting and falls in love with him. Meanwhile, Landis — who has married an ineffectual police chief (Gene Lockhart) — meets up with Sanders (now the new police chief) once again, and is determined to get payback for her stolen garter.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Akim Tamiroff Films
  • Black Comedy
  • Douglas Sirk Films
  • George Sanders Films
  • Historical Drama
  • Mistaken or Hidden Identities
  • Revenge
  • Signe Hasso Films
  • Thieves and Criminals

Review:
Before beginning his string of lush Technicolor “women’s pictures” for Universal Pictures, Douglas Sirk made this dark comedy based on the real-life adventures of French criminal-turned-memoirist Eugène François Vidocq. Sanders is perfectly cast as (what else?) a droll cad who coolly woos women while carrying out well-executed crimes and working his way up in the world (below he’s seen by the gravestone of the man whose identity he steals):

Flirtatious Landis (just a couple of years before her untimely death) is his perfect counterpart:

… and steals the movie in later scenes, as both her vengeance and her obsession with hats take full form.

Less effective is Hasso as a reverent young woman who falls in love with the saintly painting of Sanders, then goes silent each time she sees him in real life:

For some reason her silence is appealing to Sanders, and a love triangle of sorts is thus set in motion, all while Tamiroff and his extended criminal family are busily plotting (with Sanders) to carry out the ultimate heist:

The storyline is mostly light-hearted, with plenty of mistaken identity kerfuffle (and a pet monkey!), but it turns fairly dark by the end:

Fans of Sirk’s work will likely be curious to check this film out, but it’s not must-see viewing.

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Carole Landis as Loretta
  • Fine cinematography (by Eugene Shuftan)

  • Ellis St. Joseph’s often witty script: “Sometimes the chains of matrimony are so heavy that they have to be carried by three.”

Must See?
No, though Sirk fans will probably want to check it out. Listed as a Sleeper and a Personal Recommendation in the back of Peary’s book.

Links:

Ivan the Terrible, Part I (1944)

Ivan the Terrible, Part I (1944)

“Only an undivided, legitimate throne will save Moscow from her enemies and internecine conflict!”

Synopsis:
In 16th century Russia, Ivan the Grand Prince of Moscow (Nikolai Cherkasov) is crowned as Tsar and married to Anastasia Romanovna (Lyudmila Tselikovskaya) — but his jealous aunt (Serafima Birman), traitorous comrade (Mikhail Nazvanov), and various ruling boyars aren’t happy with his increasing power.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Historical Drama
  • Royalty and Nobility
  • Russian Films
  • Ruthless Leaders
  • Sergei Eisenstein Films

Response to Peary’s Review:
Peary points out that this “indoor epic” by Sergei Eisenstein has “remarkable visuals… but [is] ludicrously melodramatic and theatrical,” and he notes that “other than establishing a bond between Ivan and the peasants to suggest a similar affinity between Stalin and his subjects, it’s hard to figure out how Eisenstein is using his hero.”

Peary asserts that “Ivan comes across as a hero in a Wagnerian opera,” while “everyone else seems to be trying out for a Hollywood serial, perhaps Flash Gordon or Buck Rogers”:

… and he further notes that “the devious, swathed-in-black boyar princess Euphonia (Serafima Birman) would have been a great foe for Buster Crabbe.”

(Peary fails to point out how masculine-looking Birman is — to the extent that I didn’t know this character was female until I read about the actress. Meanwhile, her infantile son Vladimir — played by Pavel Kadochnikov — is remarkably femme. The gender bending between the two of them is quite noticeable.)

The picture’s storyline (part one of two) is fairly straightforward; as Peary writes, it “begins with Ivan’s coronation and marriage” (those are coins being poured over his head):

… “takes us on a war campaign” (to Kazan):

… and “after Ivan has gone from clean-shaven to having a short beard to having a mustache and short beard to having a beard that would make Rasputin envious”:

… it “concludes with…” — well, I won’t say. I’ll be back with my review of Part II shortly. For now, suffice it to say that I share Peary’s views on this overrated Eisenstein film, which seems to polarize critics (and viewers) into one camp or another. If you’re curious for a deeper dive into the film’s themes, however, be sure to check out the video essay by scholar Joan Neuberger in the Criterion DVD set Eisenstein: The Sound Years (but wait until after you’ve watched Part 2 to avoid tons of spoilers).

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Fine production design and cinematography

  • Sergei Prokofiev’s score

Must See?
Yes, for its historical significance, and because Part 2 is essential viewing which can’t be seen without this first film.

Categories

  • Historically Relevant
  • Important Director

(Listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die)

Links:

Murderers Are Among Us, The (1946)

Murderers Are Among Us, The (1946)

“I know there is no longer any point in healing mankind.”

Synopsis:
A German concentration camp survivor (Hildegard Knef) arriving back at her ruined apartment encounters a traumatized military surgeon (Ernst Wilhelm Borchert) who has been living there, and the two decide to share the space. Meanwhile, Borchert is unsure how to act when he encounters his former captain (Arno Paulsen): will he seek vengeance, or move forward into a career of healing and hope?

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Doctors and Nurses
  • German Films
  • Survival

Review:
This German film is notable for being the first in a genre known as Trümmerfilm (or “rubble films) — that is, movies set within the detritus of bombed out cities after the end of World War II, and focusing on survivors’ experiences. Aesthetically speaking, such films are inherently dramatic:

… and this one is made even more so through the use of highly atmospheric cinematography:

While some have criticized the appearance of healthy-looking Knef as a supposed concentration camp survivor:

… it’s easy enough to forgive this given the unrelenting bleakness she’s surrounded by, and the fact that her character is meant to symbolize hope.

Indeed, the entire film should be viewed less as a realistic tale, and more as a meditation on the various coping mechanisms of German survivors. As the film opens, we see an elderly optometrist (Robert Forsch) in Knef’s apartment building assisting a young woman whose glasses need soldering:

When Knef comments to him, “You are still working here as if nothing had happened!” he shares with her his “good fortune” in being a hoarder:

“This is all I was able to rescue out of the rubble down in the cellar. People always used to laugh. I hoarded things for ages. Now all this old junk I kept over the years is my start to a new life.”

For Forsch, maintaining a daily work schedule is what keeps him sane and hopeful:

“I have a lot of work to do…. If [my son] is still alive, he will return home one day. The house will be ready and waiting for him. His father will await him.”

Next we see Knef interacting with drunken Borchert; sensing his pain, she convinces him it’s fine to share the space for awhile:

She focuses on busily cleaning her apartment and getting back to her art:

… while Borchert escapes once again into drink and women:

Although his skills as a doctor are vitally needed, Borchert is too traumatized to pick his career back up (“I can no longer bear to hear the moans of people in torment.”) Soon Borchert runs into his former captain (Paulsen), who is living a happy, stable family life, seemingly not at all concerned about the deaths he was responsible for just before the end of the war:

Borchert feels differently about this than Paulsen — but when he has a random encounter with a very sick young girl while out walking amongst the rubble, his perspective changes once again:

Yes, it’s all melodramatic — but the heightened narrative makes sense within the context of the surreal post-conflict landscape these individuals are inhabiting; and the final showdown offers some sense of the future “truth and reconciliation” that would necessarily begin to occur in Germany.

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Highly atmospheric cinematography

Must See?
Yes, for its historical relevance, and as a fine little film. Listed as a film with Historical Importance and a Sleeper in the back of Peary’s book.

Categories

  • Historically Relevant

Links:

Way to the Stars, The / Johnny in the Clouds (1945)

Way to the Stars, The / Johnny in the Clouds (1945)

“There aren’t any amateurs and professionals anymore; just good pilots and bad pilots.”

Synopsis:
In England during the early years of World War II, a new fighter pilot (John Mills) is assigned to work under a veteran flight lieutenant (Michael Redgrave) who marries his sweetheart (Rosamund John) and has a child. Meanwhile, Mills falls for a pretty young woman (Renee Asherson) living with her strict aunt (Joyce Carey), and over the years various American pilots — including a young father named Johnny (Douglass Montgomery) — are sent to join the RAF in their efforts.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Airplanes and Pilots
  • John Mills Films
  • Michael Redgrave Films
  • Military
  • Trevor Howard Films
  • World War II

Review:
Playwright Terence Rattigan wrote the screenplay for this British tribute to WWII flyers, who repeatedly risked their lives to engage in dangerous but essential work while juggling decisions related to romance, marriage, and kids:

Saying more about specific storylines would give away spoilers, so I’ll avoid doing that; suffice it to say that the realities of sacrifice aren’t sugar-coated here, and we see individuals managing complicated emotions.

Meanwhile, much fun is had with cultural and linguistic differences between the Brits and the Yanks (who nonetheless quickly learn to get along):

Interestingly, despite its very specific topic and setting, there are parallels between this wartime flick (shortened and released as Johnny in the Clouds in the U.S.) and Rattigan’s later Separate Tables (1958), given that both take place at least partly in a rooming house/hotel. In The Way to the Stars, Rosamund John plays the role of the “efficient hotel manager” (inhabited by Oscar-winning Wendy Hiller in Separate Tables):

… and Renee Asherson — last seen as Princess Kate in Laurence Olivier’s Henry V (1944) — plays a shy young woman (Deborah Kerr’s equivalent in Separate Tables) living under the thumb of an overly protective caretaker:

Note: Watch for Trevor Howard in his first credited screen role:

… and 15-year-old Jean Simmons in a brief bit as a singer in a club:

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Fine performances by Redgrave and Mills

Must See?
No, but it’s worth a look by those interested in films of this period. Listed as a film with Historical Importance in the back of Peary’s book.

Links:

Children of Paradise / Enfants Du Paradis, Les (1945)

Children of Paradise / Enfants Du Paradis, Les (1945)

“Dreams, life… They’re the same.”

Synopsis:
In 19th century Paris, four men — a mime (Jean-Louis Barrault), an ambitious actor (Pierre Brasseur), a murderous criminal (Marcel Herrand), and a nobleman (Louis Salou) — are all attracted to a free-spirited woman named Garance (Arletty), who eventually settles with Salou but can’t stop thinking about Baptiste (Barrault), who has meanwhile married and had a child with an adoring actress (Maria Casares).

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Actors and Actresses
  • Clowns
  • French Films
  • Love Triangle
  • Romance
  • Star-Crossed Lovers

Response to Peary’s Review:
Peary is among the many critics and fans who consider this “fifth collaboration between director Marcel Carné and screenwriter Jacques Prévert” to be “one of the glories of the cinema, the romantic’s delight, the sophisticate’s cult favorite.” He notes that when it “opened in Paris in March 1945,” it was “quickly hailed as France’s Gone With the Wind: an epic, a re-creation of a nineteenth-century period (that of Louis Philippe) and setting (the Boulevard of Crime)”:

… and “a romance about a woman… who is coveted by all men who see her.”

However, he points out that “the real reason the French held it so dear was that it was one of the cornerstone films of le cinéma d’évasion” — i.e., “the French film industry’s brave response to the German occupation.” Indeed, he asserts, “It’s amazing that this affront to the Nazis, which celebrates a free France, could be made under the noses of the occupation authorities” — and while I don’t quite see how this film epitomizes a “free France”, I’ll agree it’s remarkable that Carne and his team managed to get it made at all under the circumstances, including “secret filming [that] took place over two years in garages and alleys, during which time time members of the French resistance were able to hide from the Gestapo because they were among the 1800 extras employed.”

Peary argues that this “film is a wonderful tribute to the people who have never been controlled by authority: lovers, mountebanks, rogues, criminals…, artists, the poor who crowd the inexpensive rafter seats, ‘gods’ (paradise) of the theaters, and, most of all, performers” — and he notes that it’s “a cry for a return to the past, for liberty, for solidarity between artists and their public, for solidarity among all French people.” I’m not sure I see all these themes playing out, but can appreciate how one might, especially at the time of the film’s release.

Meanwhile, Peary discusses the (fictional) role played by Arletty, in contrast to the three real-life people portrayed by Barrault (Jean-Gaspard Deburau), Brasseur (Frederick Lemaitre), and Herrand (Pierre-Francois Lacenaire). He notes that Arletty’s Garance is viewed by men “as an angel, a dream, a vision of beauty, [and] Venus,” and Peary himself sees her as “the symbol of Paris,” or even perhaps Paris itself: “beautiful, freedom-loving, full of memories, as proud of the gutter dwellers as of the elite, lover of every man, the betrayer of none,” “in whose presence hearts begin to flutter.”

Arletty was 47 at the time of the film’s release, and while she’s certainly alluring for une femme d’un certain âge, I find it fascinating that she’s so universally coveted by the four leading men in this movie — especially by Barrault (35 at the time), who has beautiful Casares (23 years old) waiting adoringly in the wings for him (though obviously, age and looks are beside the point when it comes to obsessive love).

Peary goes on to write that the “picture’s acting is superb,” that “Barrault’s mime performances” are classics” (agreed):

… that “the visuals are opulent,” and “the elaborate sets are rich in detail and historically accurate.”

Peary describes this film in further detail in his Cult Movies 2 book, where he elaborates on its “stolen kisses” theme (i.e., “people desire only those they cannot have”), discusses the poetry of Prevert’s script, and notes that “lithographs and woodblock prints of the period were studied” to bring about the truly impressive sets.

This lengthy movie — actually divided into two separate films — isn’t a personal favorite, but I can understand its appeal, and upon my rewatch of the beautiful restoration I found myself thoroughly enchanted by Barrault (not just his miming, but his overall performance).

Children of Paradise most certainly remains a must-see classic at least once.

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Jean-Louis Barrault as Baptiste
  • Pierre Brasseur as Frédérick Lemaître
  • Marc Fossard and Roger Hubert’s cinematography
  • Magnificent sets and overall production design
  • Mayo’s distinctive costumes

Must See?
Yes, as a foreign classic.

Categories

  • Foreign Gem
  • Genuine Classic

(Listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die)

Links:

Henry V (1944)

Henry V (1944)

“No king of England if not king of France!”

Synopsis:
In early 15th century England, King Henry V (Laurence Olivier) rallies his men to fight and claim the French throne, which he believes should rightfully be his.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Historical Drama
  • Laurence Olivier Films
  • Leo Genn Films
  • Niall MacGinnis Films
  • Play Adaptations
  • Robert Newton Films
  • Royalty and Nobility
  • Shakespeare

Review:
Laurence Olivier’s cinematic debut as a director was this enormously successful adaptation of Shakespeare’s Henry V, made during the height of Britain’s involvement in World War II. Olivier chose to creatively present the play in a hybrid fashion, beginning with panning over the historic Globe Theatre in Stratford-on-Avon:

… and then showing us the play opening up with audiences clearly present:

A Chorus figure (Leslie Banks) talks us through what we’re seeing:

… but it takes a while to understand what’s going on narrative-wise, given the play is presented in authentic Shakespearean English (not easily comprehensible to modern audiences). Instead, we focus on the colorful costumes and attempts at crowd-pleasing humor, as when the Archbishop of Canterbury (Felix Aylmer) keeps dropping the papers he’s reading while sharing news with King Henry about the state of France.

Henry proclaims his intention to go to war against France — but meanwhile, we’re introduced to peripheral comedic characters whose presence doesn’t make much sense (though at least Robert Newton is recognizable in one role):

Eventually the setting of the play broadens beyond the Globe, showing us Henry’s troops in France, preparing for battle. An extended sequence follows Henry walking incognito through the night to listen to his men:

The Battle of Agincourt comes next and is impressively filmed, reminding me instantly of the lengthy combat sequence in Eisenstein’s Alexendar Nevsky:

We also meet beautiful Princess Katherine (Renee Asherson), who converses with King Henry in a combination of French and English:

Overall, we get the gist of the storyline — though it surely will feel much less relevant to modern viewers than either Britons of Shakespeare’s time and/or viewers of the mid-1940s, who may have been more familiar with Shakespearean works. These days, it remains worth a look primarily for its innovation as a beautifully stylized presentation of a classic play — one which helped to rally British morale during some of its darkest years at war, as indicated in these quotes by King Henry:

“Once more unto the breach! Dear friends, once more; or close the wall up with our English dead!”

“On, on, you noblest English… Dishonor not your mothers!”

“The game’s afoot: Follow your spirit and upon this charge cry, ‘God for Harry, England, and Saint George!'”

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Laurence Olivier as Henry V (nominated by Peary as one of the Best Actors of the Year in his Alternate Oscars)
  • Beautiful cinematography and sets

Must See?
Yes, once, for its historical relevance.

Categories

  • Historically Relevant

(Listed in 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die)

Links:

Torment (1944)

Torment (1944)

“A man of your learning shouldn’t care so much for respect bred from fear.”

Synopsis:
A teenage student (Alf Kjellin) suffering under cruel treatment at the hands of his Latin teacher (Stig Järrel) falls for a young tobacconist shop clerk (Mai Zetterling) who lives in constant fear of Järrel’s sadistic visits to her.

Genres, Themes, Actors, and Directors:

  • Ingmar Bergman Films
  • Love Triangle
  • Scandinavian Films
  • Teachers

Review:
Ingmar Bergman’s screenwriting debut (after joining the Svensk Filmindustri on a one-year contract) was this film directed by his mentor, Alf Sjöberg, and loosely based on his own troubled experiences as a non-confirmist student. Unsurprisingly for a Bergman film, it’s both highly atmospheric and extremely dark, depicting the hell experienced by vulnerable students under cruel tutelage:

… as well as a lack of support or understanding at home (specifically in the form of a strict, uncompassionate father):

… and troubled individuals who reach out to one other physically for comfort and love.

These are all themes that would continue to play out in Bergman’s later work, and it’s interesting (if not entirely satisfying) to see them here in a rather nascent and simplistic form. Thankfully, there are compassionate individuals on the sidelines of the bleak narrative, including the school’s headmaster (Olof Winnerstrand), shown here listening to another bullied student (Jan Molander) who has come to him for assistance:

… and Kjellin’s understanding mother (Märta Arbin):

Bergman was apparently asked to write a more optimistic ending for his film, and was allowed to take over directorial duties for this scene, which in his own words made him “more excited that I can describe.” Clearly he had found his calling!

Notable Performances, Qualities, and Moments:

  • Martin Bodin’s atmospheric cinematography

Must See?
No; this one is only must-see for those interested in Bergman’s beginnings. Listed as a film with Historical Importance in the back of Peary’s book.

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